During the Soviet era knowledge of the Russian language was wide spread though the subjects authors could write about were restricted. Russian literature started to flower during the 19th century when Tolstoi, Dostoyevskii, Gogol and Pushkin were active. The dialect of Moscow was used as the basis for written Russian. Peter I) (1672-1725) who introduced a revised alphabet and encouraged authors to use a literary style closer to their spoken language. Russian started appearing in writing regularly during the reign of Peter the Great (a.k.a. There are also some texts in Finnish, Latin and Greek. The main languages written on them in an early version of the Cyrillic alphabet were Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic. The earliest known writing in Russia dates from the 10th century and was found at Novgorod. It is also recognised as a minority language in Romania, Finland, Norway, Armenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Russian is an official language in Russian, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and in a number of other countries, territories and international organisations, including Tajikistan, Moldova, Gagauzia, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, and the UN. Russian is an Eastern Slavic language spoken mainly in Russia and many other countries by about 260 million people, 150 million of whom are native speakers. You can find more information on the website, Face of Russia, which was a series on PBS which premiered in 1998, and based on the interpretations of Russia's cultural history.Īnother more detailed and scholarly explanation of the Cyrillic alphabet's history can be found in the linked article by Paul Cubberley. Omniglot provides an overview with charts showing the alphabet at various times. In 1917-1918 there was another reform of the Cyrillic alphabet, during which more letters were removed, bringing us to the alphabet used today. Cyrillic was first written in the early Middle Ages, in ustav (large letters), and later a progression of cursive forms developed into what was used in the early 18th century, when Peter the Great had the letters simplified and regularized, and some letters which were appropriate more to Greek phonology were removed from the alphabet. Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, & Accessibilityĭid you know that the Cyrillic alphabet is closely based on the Greek alphabet? Saint Cyril, a Greek monk, along with Methodius brought written language to the Christian converts around 860, to what is now Russia.
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